<html><head><meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark"></head><body><pre style="word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;">\chapter{â€ŒØªÙˆÙ¾ÙˆÙ„ÙˆÚ˜ÛŒâ€ŒÙ‡Ø§ÛŒ Ø±ÙˆÛŒ ÙØ¶Ø§Ù‡Ø§ÛŒ Ø§Ù†Ø¯Ø§Ø²Ù‡â€ŒÙ‡Ø§}
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\section{ ØªÙˆÙ¾ÙˆÙ„ÙˆÚ˜ÛŒÙ Ù…Ø¨Ù‡Ù…Ù Ø±ÙˆÛŒ ÙØ¶Ø§ÛŒ Ø§Ù†Ø¯Ø§Ø²Ù‡â€ŒÙ‡Ø§}
Ú†Ù†Ø¯ÛŒÙ† ØªÙˆÙ¾ÙˆÙ„ÙˆÚ˜ÛŒ ÙˆØ¬ÙˆØ¯ Ø¯Ø§Ø±Ø¯ Ú©Ù‡ Ù…ÛŒâ€ŒØªÙˆØ§Ù† Ø¢Ù†Ù‡Ø§ Ø±Ø§ Ø¨Ø±Ø§ÛŒ Ù…Ø¬Ù…ÙˆØ¹Ù‡ Ø§Ù†Ø¯Ø§Ø²Ù‡â€ŒÙ‡Ø§ Ø§Ù†ØªØ®Ø§Ø¨ Ú©Ø±Ø¯. ÛŒÚ© Ø´Ø±Ø· Ù‚Ø§Ø¨Ù„ Ù‚Ø¨ÙˆÙ„ Ùˆ Ø­Ø¯Ø§Ù‚Ù„ÛŒ Ø§ÛŒÙ† Ø§Ø³Øª Ú©Ù‡  Ø§Ú¯Ø±  ØªÙˆØ±
 $ (m_{i})_{i\in I} $
Ø¨Ù‡ 
$ m $
Ù‡Ù…Ú¯Ø±Ø§ Ø¨Ø§Ø´Ø¯ Ø¢Ù†Ú¯Ø§Ù‡  Ø¨Ø§ÛŒØ¯ Ø¯Ø± 
$\mathbb{R}  $
Ø¯Ø§Ø´ØªÙ‡ Ø¨Ø§Ø´ÛŒÙ… 
$\int dm_{i}\to \int fdm  $.
Ø¨Ø±Ø§ÛŒ Ù…Ø·Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ù‡ Ø¨ÛŒØ´ØªØ±ØŒ Ù…ÛŒâ€ŒØªÙˆØ§Ù† Ø¨Ù‡ \cite{mainarticle} Ù…Ø±Ø§Ø¬Ø¹Ù‡ Ú©Ø±Ø¯. Ø§Ø² Ø·Ø±Ù Ø¯ÛŒÚ¯Ø± ...
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