# ppmtogif

Updated: 15 September 2002
Index

## NAME

ppmtogif - convert a PPM image to a GIF image

## SYNOPSIS

ppmtogif [-interlace] [-sort] [-map mapfile]
[-transparent=[=]color] [-alpha=pgmfile] [-comment=text] [-nolzw]
[ppmfile]

All options can be abbreviated to their shortest unique prefix. You may use two hyphens instead of one to designate an option. You may use either white space or equals signs between an option name and its value.

## DESCRIPTION

Reads a portable pixmap as input. Produces a GIF file as output.

This program creates only individual GIF images. To combine multiple GIF images into an animated GIF, use gifsicle (not part of the Netpbm package).

ppmtogif creates either an original GIF87 format GIF file or the newer GIF89 format. It creates GIF89 when you request features that were new with GIF89, to wit the -transparent or -comment options. Otherwise, it creates GIF87. Really old GIF readers conceivably could not recognize GIF89.

## OPTIONS

-interlace
  Produce an interlaced GIF file.
-sort
  Produce a GIF file with a sorted color map.
-map=mapfile

  Use the colors found in the file mapfile to create the colormap in the GIF file, instead of the colors from ppmfile. mapfile can be any PPM file; all that matters is the colors in it. If the colors in ppmfile do not match those in mapfile, ppmtogif matches them to a "best match." You can obtain a much better result by using pnmremap to change the colors in the input to those in the map file.

-transparent=color
  ppmtogif marks the specified color as transparent in the GIF image.

  If you don't specify -transparent, ppmtogif does not mark any color transparent (except as indicated by the -alpha option).

  You specify the color as in ppmmake. E.g. red or rgb:ff/00/0d. If the color you specify is not present in the image, ppmtogif selects instead the color in the image that is closest to the one you specify. Closeness is measured as a cartesian distance between colors in RGB space. If multiple colors are equidistant, ppmtogif chooses one of them arbitrarily.

  However, if you prefix your color specification with "=", e.g. -transparent==red, only the exact color you specify will be transparent. If that color does not appear in the image, there will be no transparency. ppmtogif issues an information message when this is the case.

  You cannot specify both -transparent and -alpha.

-alpha=pgmfile
  This option names a PGM file that contains an alpha mask for the image. ppmtogif creates fully transparent pixels wherever the alpha mask indicates transparency greater than 50%. The color of those pixels is that specified by the -alphacolor option, or black by default.

  To do this, ppmtogif creates an entry in the GIF colormap in addition to the entries for colors that are actually in the image. It marks that colormap entry as transparent and uses that colormap index in the output image to create a transparent pixel.

  The alpha image must be the same dimensions as the input image, but may have any maxval. White means opaque and black means transparent.

  You cannot specify both -transparent and -alpha.

-alphacolor
  See -alpha.
-comment=text
  Include a comment in the GIF output with comment text text.

  Without this option, there are no comments in the output.

  Note that in a command shell, you'll have to use quotation marks around text if it contains characters (e.g. space) that would make the shell think it is multiple arguments:

      $ ppmtogif -comment "this is a comment" <xxx.ppm >xxx.gif

-nolzw
  This option causes the GIF output, and thus ppmtogif, not to use LZW (Lempel-Ziv) compression. As a result, the image file is larger and no royalties are owed to the holder of the patent on LZW. See the section LICENSE below.

  LZW is a method for combining the information from multiple pixels into a single GIF code. With the -nolzw option, ppmtogif creates one GIF code per pixel, so it is not doing any compression and not using LZW. However, any GIF decoder, whether it uses an LZW decompressor or not, will correctly decode this uncompressed format. An LZW decompressor would see this as a particular case of LZW compression.

  Note that if someone uses an LZW decompressor such as the one in giftopnm or pretty much any graphics display program to process the output of ppmtogif -nolzw , he is then using the LZW patent. But the patent holder has expressed far less interest in enforcing the patent on decoding than on encoding.

## SEE ALSO

giftopnm, ppmquant, pngtopnm, gifsicle <http://www.lcdf.org/gifsicle>, ppm.

## AUTHOR

Based on GIFENCOD by David Rowley <mgardi@watdcsu.waterloo.edu>. Lempel-Ziv compression based on "compress".

The non-LZW format is generated by code based on djpeg by the Independent Jpeg Group.

Copyright (C) 1989 by Jef Poskanzer.

## LICENSE

If you use ppmtogif without the -nolzw option, you are using a patent on the LZW compression method which is owned by Unisys, and in all probability you do not have a license from Unisys to do so. Unisys typically asks $5000 for a license for trivial use of the patent. Unisys has never enforced the patent against trivial users. The patent expires in 2003.

Rumor has it that IBM also owns a patent covering ppmtogif.

A replacement for the GIF format that does not require any patents to use is the PNG format.

## Index

NAME
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
LICENSE