/*
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 */

/*
 * This file is available under and governed by the GNU General Public
 * License version 2 only, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
 * However, the following notice accompanied the original version of this
 * file:
 *
 * ASM: a very small and fast Java bytecode manipulation framework
 * Copyright (c) 2000-2011 INRIA, France Telecom
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of its
 *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 *    this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF
 * THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

package jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.util;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Attribute;
import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Handle;
import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Label;
import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes;
import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type;
import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.TypePath;
import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.TypeReference;
import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.signature.SignatureReader;

/**
 * A {@link Printer} that prints a disassembled view of the classes it visits.
 *
 * @author Eric Bruneton
 */
public class Textifier extends Printer {

    /** The help message shown when command line arguments are incorrect. */
    private static final String USAGE =
            "Prints a disassembled view of the given class.\n"
                    + "Usage: Textifier [-nodebug] <fully qualified class name or class file name>";

    /**
      * The type of internal names (see {@link Type#getInternalName()}). See {@link #appendDescriptor}.
      */
    public static final int INTERNAL_NAME = 0;

    /** The type of field descriptors. See {@link #appendDescriptor}. */
    public static final int FIELD_DESCRIPTOR = 1;

    /** The type of field signatures. See {@link #appendDescriptor}. */
    public static final int FIELD_SIGNATURE = 2;

    /** The type of method descriptors. See {@link #appendDescriptor}. */
    public static final int METHOD_DESCRIPTOR = 3;

    /** The type of method signatures. See {@link #appendDescriptor}. */
    public static final int METHOD_SIGNATURE = 4;

    /** The type of class signatures. See {@link #appendDescriptor}. */
    public static final int CLASS_SIGNATURE = 5;

    /** The type of method handle descriptors. See {@link #appendDescriptor}. */
    public static final int HANDLE_DESCRIPTOR = 9;

    private static final String CLASS_SUFFIX = ".class";
    private static final String DEPRECATED = "// DEPRECATED\n";
    private static final String RECORD = "// RECORD\n";
    private static final String INVISIBLE = " // invisible\n";

    private static final List<String> FRAME_TYPES =
            Collections.unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList("T", "I", "F", "D", "J", "N", "U"));

    /** The indentation of class members at depth level 1 (e.g. fields, methods). */
    protected String tab = "  ";

    /** The indentation of class elements at depth level 2 (e.g. bytecode instructions in methods). */
    protected String tab2 = "    ";

    /** The indentation of class elements at depth level 3 (e.g. switch cases in methods). */
    protected String tab3 = "      ";

    /** The indentation of labels. */
    protected String ltab = "   ";

    /** The names of the labels. */
    protected Map<Label, String> labelNames;

    /** The access flags of the visited class. */
    private int access;

    /** The number of annotation values visited so far. */
    private int numAnnotationValues;

    /**
      * Constructs a new {@link Textifier}. <i>Subclasses must not use this constructor</i>. Instead,
      * they must use the {@link #Textifier(int)} version.
      *
      * @throws IllegalStateException If a subclass calls this constructor.
      */
    public Textifier() {
        this(/* latest api = */ Opcodes.ASM9);
        if (getClass() != Textifier.class) {
            throw new IllegalStateException();
        }
    }

    /**
      * Constructs a new {@link Textifier}.
      *
      * @param api the ASM API version implemented by this visitor. Must be one of the {@code
      *     ASM}<i>x</i> values in {@link Opcodes}.
      */
    protected Textifier(final int api) {
        super(api);
    }

    /**
      * Prints a disassembled view of the given class to the standard output.
      *
      * <p>Usage: Textifier [-nodebug] &lt;binary class name or class file name &gt;
      *
      * @param args the command line arguments.
      * @throws IOException if the class cannot be found, or if an IOException occurs.
      */
    public static void main(final String[] args) throws IOException {
        main(args, new PrintWriter(System.out, true), new PrintWriter(System.err, true));
    }

    /**
      * Prints a disassembled view of the given class to the given output.
      *
      * <p>Usage: Textifier [-nodebug] &lt;binary class name or class file name &gt;
      *
      * @param args the command line arguments.
      * @param output where to print the result.
      * @param logger where to log errors.
      * @throws IOException if the class cannot be found, or if an IOException occurs.
      */
    static void main(final String[] args, final PrintWriter output, final PrintWriter logger)
            throws IOException {
        main(args, USAGE, new Textifier(), output, logger);
    }

    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Classes
    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    @Override
    public void visit(
            final int version,
            final int access,
            final String name,
            final String signature,
            final String superName,
            final String[] interfaces) {
        if ((access & Opcodes.ACC_MODULE) != 0) {
            // Modules are printed in visitModule.
            return;
        }
        this.access = access;
        int majorVersion = version & 0xFFFF;
        int minorVersion = version >>> 16;
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder
                .append("// class version ")
                .append(majorVersion)
                .append('.')
                .append(minorVersion)
                .append(" (")
                .append(version)
                .append(")\n");
        if ((access & Opcodes.ACC_DEPRECATED) != 0) {
            stringBuilder.append(DEPRECATED);
        }
        if ((access & Opcodes.ACC_RECORD) != 0) {
            stringBuilder.append(RECORD);
        }
        appendRawAccess(access);

        appendDescriptor(CLASS_SIGNATURE, signature);
        if (signature != null) {
            appendJavaDeclaration(name, signature);
        }

        appendAccess(access & ~(Opcodes.ACC_SUPER | Opcodes.ACC_MODULE));
        if ((access & Opcodes.ACC_ANNOTATION) != 0) {
            stringBuilder.append("@interface ");
        } else if ((access & Opcodes.ACC_INTERFACE) != 0) {
            stringBuilder.append("interface ");
        } else if ((access & Opcodes.ACC_ENUM) == 0) {
            stringBuilder.append("class ");
        }
        appendDescriptor(INTERNAL_NAME, name);

        if (superName != null && !"java/lang/Object".equals(superName)) {
            stringBuilder.append(" extends ");
            appendDescriptor(INTERNAL_NAME, superName);
        }
        if (interfaces != null && interfaces.length > 0) {
            stringBuilder.append(" implements ");
            for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; ++i) {
                appendDescriptor(INTERNAL_NAME, interfaces[i]);
                if (i != interfaces.length - 1) {
                    stringBuilder.append(' ');
                }
            }
        }
        stringBuilder.append(" {\n\n");

        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void visitSource(final String file, final String debug) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        if (file != null) {
            stringBuilder.append(tab).append("// compiled from: ").append(file).append('\n');
        }
        if (debug != null) {
            stringBuilder.append(tab).append("// debug info: ").append(debug).append('\n');
        }
        if (stringBuilder.length() > 0) {
            text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Printer visitModule(final String name, final int access, final String version) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        if ((access & Opcodes.ACC_OPEN) != 0) {
            stringBuilder.append("open ");
        }
        stringBuilder
                .append("module ")
                .append(name)
                .append(" { ")
                .append(version == null ? "" : "// " + version)
                .append("\n\n");
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
        return addNewTextifier(null);
    }

    @Override
    public void visitNestHost(final String nestHost) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab).append("NESTHOST ");
        appendDescriptor(INTERNAL_NAME, nestHost);
        stringBuilder.append('\n');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void visitOuterClass(final String owner, final String name, final String descriptor) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab).append("OUTERCLASS ");
        appendDescriptor(INTERNAL_NAME, owner);
        stringBuilder.append(' ');
        if (name != null) {
            stringBuilder.append(name).append(' ');
        }
        appendDescriptor(METHOD_DESCRIPTOR, descriptor);
        stringBuilder.append('\n');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public Textifier visitClassAnnotation(final String descriptor, final boolean visible) {
        text.add("\n");
        return visitAnnotation(descriptor, visible);
    }

    @Override
    public Printer visitClassTypeAnnotation(
            final int typeRef, final TypePath typePath, final String descriptor, final boolean visible) {
        text.add("\n");
        return visitTypeAnnotation(typeRef, typePath, descriptor, visible);
    }

    @Override
    public void visitClassAttribute(final Attribute attribute) {
        text.add("\n");
        visitAttribute(attribute);
    }

    @Override
    public void visitNestMember(final String nestMember) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab).append("NESTMEMBER ");
        appendDescriptor(INTERNAL_NAME, nestMember);
        stringBuilder.append('\n');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void visitPermittedSubclass(final String permittedSubclass) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab).append("PERMITTEDSUBCLASS ");
        appendDescriptor(INTERNAL_NAME, permittedSubclass);
        stringBuilder.append('\n');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void visitInnerClass(
            final String name, final String outerName, final String innerName, final int access) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab);
        appendRawAccess(access & ~Opcodes.ACC_SUPER);
        stringBuilder.append(tab);
        appendAccess(access);
        stringBuilder.append("INNERCLASS ");
        appendDescriptor(INTERNAL_NAME, name);
        stringBuilder.append(' ');
        appendDescriptor(INTERNAL_NAME, outerName);
        stringBuilder.append(' ');
        appendDescriptor(INTERNAL_NAME, innerName);
        stringBuilder.append('\n');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public Printer visitRecordComponent(
            final String name, final String descriptor, final String signature) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab).append("RECORDCOMPONENT ");
        if (signature != null) {
            stringBuilder.append(tab);
            appendDescriptor(FIELD_SIGNATURE, signature);
            stringBuilder.append(tab);
            appendJavaDeclaration(name, signature);
        }

        stringBuilder.append(tab);

        appendDescriptor(FIELD_DESCRIPTOR, descriptor);
        stringBuilder.append(' ').append(name);

        stringBuilder.append('\n');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
        return addNewTextifier(null);
    }

    @Override
    public Textifier visitField(
            final int access,
            final String name,
            final String descriptor,
            final String signature,
            final Object value) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append('\n');
        if ((access & Opcodes.ACC_DEPRECATED) != 0) {
            stringBuilder.append(tab).append(DEPRECATED);
        }
        stringBuilder.append(tab);
        appendRawAccess(access);
        if (signature != null) {
            stringBuilder.append(tab);
            appendDescriptor(FIELD_SIGNATURE, signature);
            stringBuilder.append(tab);
            appendJavaDeclaration(name, signature);
        }

        stringBuilder.append(tab);
        appendAccess(access);

        appendDescriptor(FIELD_DESCRIPTOR, descriptor);
        stringBuilder.append(' ').append(name);
        if (value != null) {
            stringBuilder.append(" = ");
            if (value instanceof String) {
                stringBuilder.append('\"').append(value).append('\"');
            } else {
                stringBuilder.append(value);
            }
        }

        stringBuilder.append('\n');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
        return addNewTextifier(null);
    }

    @Override
    public Textifier visitMethod(
            final int access,
            final String name,
            final String descriptor,
            final String signature,
            final String[] exceptions) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append('\n');
        if ((access & Opcodes.ACC_DEPRECATED) != 0) {
            stringBuilder.append(tab).append(DEPRECATED);
        }
        stringBuilder.append(tab);
        appendRawAccess(access);

        if (signature != null) {
            stringBuilder.append(tab);
            appendDescriptor(METHOD_SIGNATURE, signature);
            stringBuilder.append(tab);
            appendJavaDeclaration(name, signature);
        }

        stringBuilder.append(tab);
        appendAccess(access & ~(Opcodes.ACC_VOLATILE | Opcodes.ACC_TRANSIENT));
        if ((access & Opcodes.ACC_NATIVE) != 0) {
            stringBuilder.append("native ");
        }
        if ((access & Opcodes.ACC_VARARGS) != 0) {
            stringBuilder.append("varargs ");
        }
        if ((access & Opcodes.ACC_BRIDGE) != 0) {
            stringBuilder.append("bridge ");
        }
        if ((this.access & Opcodes.ACC_INTERFACE) != 0
                && (access & (Opcodes.ACC_ABSTRACT | Opcodes.ACC_STATIC)) == 0) {
            stringBuilder.append("default ");
        }

        stringBuilder.append(name);
        appendDescriptor(METHOD_DESCRIPTOR, descriptor);
        if (exceptions != null && exceptions.length > 0) {
            stringBuilder.append(" throws ");
            for (String exception : exceptions) {
                appendDescriptor(INTERNAL_NAME, exception);
                stringBuilder.append(' ');
            }
        }

        stringBuilder.append('\n');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
        return addNewTextifier(null);
    }

    @Override
    public void visitClassEnd() {
        text.add("}\n");
    }

    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Modules
    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    @Override
    public void visitMainClass(final String mainClass) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append("  // main class ").append(mainClass).append('\n');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void visitPackage(final String packaze) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append("  // package ").append(packaze).append('\n');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void visitRequire(final String require, final int access, final String version) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab).append("requires ");
        if ((access & Opcodes.ACC_TRANSITIVE) != 0) {
            stringBuilder.append("transitive ");
        }
        if ((access & Opcodes.ACC_STATIC_PHASE) != 0) {
            stringBuilder.append("static ");
        }
        stringBuilder.append(require).append(';');
        appendRawAccess(access);
        if (version != null) {
            stringBuilder.append("  // version ").append(version).append('\n');
        }
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void visitExport(final String packaze, final int access, final String... modules) {
        visitExportOrOpen("exports ", packaze, access, modules);
    }

    @Override
    public void visitOpen(final String packaze, final int access, final String... modules) {
        visitExportOrOpen("opens ", packaze, access, modules);
    }

    private void visitExportOrOpen(
            final String method, final String packaze, final int access, final String... modules) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab).append(method);
        stringBuilder.append(packaze);
        if (modules != null && modules.length > 0) {
            stringBuilder.append(" to");
        } else {
            stringBuilder.append(';');
        }
        appendRawAccess(access);
        if (modules != null && modules.length > 0) {
            for (int i = 0; i < modules.length; ++i) {
                stringBuilder.append(tab2).append(modules[i]);
                stringBuilder.append(i != modules.length - 1 ? ",\n" : ";\n");
            }
        }
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void visitUse(final String use) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab).append("uses ");
        appendDescriptor(INTERNAL_NAME, use);
        stringBuilder.append(";\n");
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void visitProvide(final String provide, final String... providers) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab).append("provides ");
        appendDescriptor(INTERNAL_NAME, provide);
        stringBuilder.append(" with\n");
        for (int i = 0; i < providers.length; ++i) {
            stringBuilder.append(tab2);
            appendDescriptor(INTERNAL_NAME, providers[i]);
            stringBuilder.append(i != providers.length - 1 ? ",\n" : ";\n");
        }
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void visitModuleEnd() {
        // Nothing to do.
    }

    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Annotations
    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    // DontCheck(OverloadMethodsDeclarationOrder): overloads are semantically different.
    @Override
    public void visit(final String name, final Object value) {
        visitAnnotationValue(name);
        if (value instanceof String) {
            visitString((String) value);
        } else if (value instanceof Type) {
            visitType((Type) value);
        } else if (value instanceof Byte) {
            visitByte(((Byte) value).byteValue());
        } else if (value instanceof Boolean) {
            visitBoolean(((Boolean) value).booleanValue());
        } else if (value instanceof Short) {
            visitShort(((Short) value).shortValue());
        } else if (value instanceof Character) {
            visitChar(((Character) value).charValue());
        } else if (value instanceof Integer) {
            visitInt(((Integer) value).intValue());
        } else if (value instanceof Float) {
            visitFloat(((Float) value).floatValue());
        } else if (value instanceof Long) {
            visitLong(((Long) value).longValue());
        } else if (value instanceof Double) {
            visitDouble(((Double) value).doubleValue());
        } else if (value.getClass().isArray()) {
            stringBuilder.append('{');
            if (value instanceof byte[]) {
                byte[] byteArray = (byte[]) value;
                for (int i = 0; i < byteArray.length; i++) {
                    maybeAppendComma(i);
                    visitByte(byteArray[i]);
                }
            } else if (value instanceof boolean[]) {
                boolean[] booleanArray = (boolean[]) value;
                for (int i = 0; i < booleanArray.length; i++) {
                    maybeAppendComma(i);
                    visitBoolean(booleanArray[i]);
                }
            } else if (value instanceof short[]) {
                short[] shortArray = (short[]) value;
                for (int i = 0; i < shortArray.length; i++) {
                    maybeAppendComma(i);
                    visitShort(shortArray[i]);
                }
            } else if (value instanceof char[]) {
                char[] charArray = (char[]) value;
                for (int i = 0; i < charArray.length; i++) {
                    maybeAppendComma(i);
                    visitChar(charArray[i]);
                }
            } else if (value instanceof int[]) {
                int[] intArray = (int[]) value;
                for (int i = 0; i < intArray.length; i++) {
                    maybeAppendComma(i);
                    visitInt(intArray[i]);
                }
            } else if (value instanceof long[]) {
                long[] longArray = (long[]) value;
                for (int i = 0; i < longArray.length; i++) {
                    maybeAppendComma(i);
                    visitLong(longArray[i]);
                }
            } else if (value instanceof float[]) {
                float[] floatArray = (float[]) value;
                for (int i = 0; i < floatArray.length; i++) {
                    maybeAppendComma(i);
                    visitFloat(floatArray[i]);
                }
            } else if (value instanceof double[]) {
                double[] doubleArray = (double[]) value;
                for (int i = 0; i < doubleArray.length; i++) {
                    maybeAppendComma(i);
                    visitDouble(doubleArray[i]);
                }
            }
            stringBuilder.append('}');
        }
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    private void visitInt(final int value) {
        stringBuilder.append(value);
    }

    private void visitLong(final long value) {
        stringBuilder.append(value).append('L');
    }

    private void visitFloat(final float value) {
        stringBuilder.append(value).append('F');
    }

    private void visitDouble(final double value) {
        stringBuilder.append(value).append('D');
    }

    private void visitChar(final char value) {
        stringBuilder.append("(char)").append((int) value);
    }

    private void visitShort(final short value) {
        stringBuilder.append("(short)").append(value);
    }

    private void visitByte(final byte value) {
        stringBuilder.append("(byte)").append(value);
    }

    private void visitBoolean(final boolean value) {
        stringBuilder.append(value);
    }

    private void visitString(final String value) {
        appendString(stringBuilder, value);
    }

    private void visitType(final Type value) {
        stringBuilder.append(value.getClassName()).append(CLASS_SUFFIX);
    }

    @Override
    public void visitEnum(final String name, final String descriptor, final String value) {
        visitAnnotationValue(name);
        appendDescriptor(FIELD_DESCRIPTOR, descriptor);
        stringBuilder.append('.').append(value);
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public Textifier visitAnnotation(final String name, final String descriptor) {
        visitAnnotationValue(name);
        stringBuilder.append('@');
        appendDescriptor(FIELD_DESCRIPTOR, descriptor);
        stringBuilder.append('(');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
        return addNewTextifier(")");
    }

    @Override
    public Textifier visitArray(final String name) {
        visitAnnotationValue(name);
        stringBuilder.append('{');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
        return addNewTextifier("}");
    }

    @Override
    public void visitAnnotationEnd() {
        // Nothing to do.
    }

    private void visitAnnotationValue(final String name) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        maybeAppendComma(numAnnotationValues++);
        if (name != null) {
            stringBuilder.append(name).append('=');
        }
    }

    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Record components
    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    @Override
    public Textifier visitRecordComponentAnnotation(final String descriptor, final boolean visible) {
        return visitAnnotation(descriptor, visible);
    }

    @Override
    public Printer visitRecordComponentTypeAnnotation(
            final int typeRef, final TypePath typePath, final String descriptor, final boolean visible) {
        return visitTypeAnnotation(typeRef, typePath, descriptor, visible);
    }

    @Override
    public void visitRecordComponentAttribute(final Attribute attribute) {
        visitAttribute(attribute);
    }

    @Override
    public void visitRecordComponentEnd() {
        // Nothing to do.
    }

    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Fields
    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    @Override
    public Textifier visitFieldAnnotation(final String descriptor, final boolean visible) {
        return visitAnnotation(descriptor, visible);
    }

    @Override
    public Printer visitFieldTypeAnnotation(
            final int typeRef, final TypePath typePath, final String descriptor, final boolean visible) {
        return visitTypeAnnotation(typeRef, typePath, descriptor, visible);
    }

    @Override
    public void visitFieldAttribute(final Attribute attribute) {
        visitAttribute(attribute);
    }

    @Override
    public void visitFieldEnd() {
        // Nothing to do.
    }

    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Methods
    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    @Override
    public void visitParameter(final String name, final int access) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab2).append("// parameter ");
        appendAccess(access);
        stringBuilder.append(' ').append((name == null) ? "<no name>" : name).append('\n');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public Textifier visitAnnotationDefault() {
        text.add(tab2 + "default=");
        return addNewTextifier("\n");
    }

    @Override
    public Textifier visitMethodAnnotation(final String descriptor, final boolean visible) {
        return visitAnnotation(descriptor, visible);
    }

    @Override
    public Printer visitMethodTypeAnnotation(
            final int typeRef, final TypePath typePath, final String descriptor, final boolean visible) {
        return visitTypeAnnotation(typeRef, typePath, descriptor, visible);
    }

    @Override
    public Textifier visitAnnotableParameterCount(final int parameterCount, final boolean visible) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab2).append("// annotable parameter count: ");
        stringBuilder.append(parameterCount);
        stringBuilder.append(visible ? " (visible)\n" : " (invisible)\n");
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
        return this;
    }

    @Override
    public Textifier visitParameterAnnotation(
            final int parameter, final String descriptor, final boolean visible) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab2).append('@');
        appendDescriptor(FIELD_DESCRIPTOR, descriptor);
        stringBuilder.append('(');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());

        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder
                .append(visible ? ") // parameter " : ") // invisible, parameter ")
                .append(parameter)
                .append('\n');
        return addNewTextifier(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void visitMethodAttribute(final Attribute attribute) {
        visitAttribute(attribute);
    }

    @Override
    public void visitCode() {
        // Nothing to do.
    }

    @Override
    public void visitFrame(
            final int type,
            final int numLocal,
            final Object[] local,
            final int numStack,
            final Object[] stack) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(ltab);
        stringBuilder.append("FRAME ");
        switch (type) {
            case Opcodes.F_NEW:
            case Opcodes.F_FULL:
                stringBuilder.append("FULL [");
                appendFrameTypes(numLocal, local);
                stringBuilder.append("] [");
                appendFrameTypes(numStack, stack);
                stringBuilder.append(']');
                break;
            case Opcodes.F_APPEND:
                stringBuilder.append("APPEND [");
                appendFrameTypes(numLocal, local);
                stringBuilder.append(']');
                break;
            case Opcodes.F_CHOP:
                stringBuilder.append("CHOP ").append(numLocal);
                break;
            case Opcodes.F_SAME:
                stringBuilder.append("SAME");
                break;
            case Opcodes.F_SAME1:
                stringBuilder.append("SAME1 ");
                appendFrameTypes(1, stack);
                break;
            default:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }
        stringBuilder.append('\n');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void visitInsn(final int opcode) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab2).append(OPCODES[opcode]).append('\n');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void visitIntInsn(final int opcode, final int operand) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder
                .append(tab2)
                .append(OPCODES[opcode])
                .append(' ')
                .append(opcode == Opcodes.NEWARRAY ? TYPES[operand] : Integer.toString(operand))
                .append('\n');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void visitVarInsn(final int opcode, final int varIndex) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab2).append(OPCODES[opcode]).append(' ').append(varIndex).append('\n');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void visitTypeInsn(final int opcode, final String type) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab2).append(OPCODES[opcode]).append(' ');
        appendDescriptor(INTERNAL_NAME, type);
        stringBuilder.append('\n');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void visitFieldInsn(
            final int opcode, final String owner, final String name, final String descriptor) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab2).append(OPCODES[opcode]).append(' ');
        appendDescriptor(INTERNAL_NAME, owner);
        stringBuilder.append('.').append(name).append(" : ");
        appendDescriptor(FIELD_DESCRIPTOR, descriptor);
        stringBuilder.append('\n');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void visitMethodInsn(
            final int opcode,
            final String owner,
            final String name,
            final String descriptor,
            final boolean isInterface) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab2).append(OPCODES[opcode]).append(' ');
        appendDescriptor(INTERNAL_NAME, owner);
        stringBuilder.append('.').append(name).append(' ');
        appendDescriptor(METHOD_DESCRIPTOR, descriptor);
        if (isInterface) {
            stringBuilder.append(" (itf)");
        }
        stringBuilder.append('\n');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void visitInvokeDynamicInsn(
            final String name,
            final String descriptor,
            final Handle bootstrapMethodHandle,
            final Object... bootstrapMethodArguments) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab2).append("INVOKEDYNAMIC").append(' ');
        stringBuilder.append(name);
        appendDescriptor(METHOD_DESCRIPTOR, descriptor);
        stringBuilder.append(" [");
        stringBuilder.append('\n');
        stringBuilder.append(tab3);
        appendHandle(bootstrapMethodHandle);
        stringBuilder.append('\n');
        stringBuilder.append(tab3).append("// arguments:");
        if (bootstrapMethodArguments.length == 0) {
            stringBuilder.append(" none");
        } else {
            stringBuilder.append('\n');
            for (Object value : bootstrapMethodArguments) {
                stringBuilder.append(tab3);
                if (value instanceof String) {
                    Printer.appendString(stringBuilder, (String) value);
                } else if (value instanceof Type) {
                    Type type = (Type) value;
                    if (type.getSort() == Type.METHOD) {
                        appendDescriptor(METHOD_DESCRIPTOR, type.getDescriptor());
                    } else {
                        visitType(type);
                    }
                } else if (value instanceof Handle) {
                    appendHandle((Handle) value);
                } else {
                    stringBuilder.append(value);
                }
                stringBuilder.append(", \n");
            }
            stringBuilder.setLength(stringBuilder.length() - 3);
        }
        stringBuilder.append('\n');
        stringBuilder.append(tab2).append("]\n");
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void visitJumpInsn(final int opcode, final Label label) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab2).append(OPCODES[opcode]).append(' ');
        appendLabel(label);
        stringBuilder.append('\n');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void visitLabel(final Label label) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(ltab);
        appendLabel(label);
        stringBuilder.append('\n');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void visitLdcInsn(final Object value) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab2).append("LDC ");
        if (value instanceof String) {
            Printer.appendString(stringBuilder, (String) value);
        } else if (value instanceof Type) {
            stringBuilder.append(((Type) value).getDescriptor()).append(CLASS_SUFFIX);
        } else {
            stringBuilder.append(value);
        }
        stringBuilder.append('\n');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void visitIincInsn(final int varIndex, final int increment) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder
                .append(tab2)
                .append("IINC ")
                .append(varIndex)
                .append(' ')
                .append(increment)
                .append('\n');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void visitTableSwitchInsn(
            final int min, final int max, final Label dflt, final Label... labels) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab2).append("TABLESWITCH\n");
        for (int i = 0; i < labels.length; ++i) {
            stringBuilder.append(tab3).append(min + i).append(": ");
            appendLabel(labels[i]);
            stringBuilder.append('\n');
        }
        stringBuilder.append(tab3).append("default: ");
        appendLabel(dflt);
        stringBuilder.append('\n');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void visitLookupSwitchInsn(final Label dflt, final int[] keys, final Label[] labels) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab2).append("LOOKUPSWITCH\n");
        for (int i = 0; i < labels.length; ++i) {
            stringBuilder.append(tab3).append(keys[i]).append(": ");
            appendLabel(labels[i]);
            stringBuilder.append('\n');
        }
        stringBuilder.append(tab3).append("default: ");
        appendLabel(dflt);
        stringBuilder.append('\n');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void visitMultiANewArrayInsn(final String descriptor, final int numDimensions) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab2).append("MULTIANEWARRAY ");
        appendDescriptor(FIELD_DESCRIPTOR, descriptor);
        stringBuilder.append(' ').append(numDimensions).append('\n');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public Printer visitInsnAnnotation(
            final int typeRef, final TypePath typePath, final String descriptor, final boolean visible) {
        return visitTypeAnnotation(typeRef, typePath, descriptor, visible);
    }

    @Override
    public void visitTryCatchBlock(
            final Label start, final Label end, final Label handler, final String type) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab2).append("TRYCATCHBLOCK ");
        appendLabel(start);
        stringBuilder.append(' ');
        appendLabel(end);
        stringBuilder.append(' ');
        appendLabel(handler);
        stringBuilder.append(' ');
        appendDescriptor(INTERNAL_NAME, type);
        stringBuilder.append('\n');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public Printer visitTryCatchAnnotation(
            final int typeRef, final TypePath typePath, final String descriptor, final boolean visible) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab2).append("TRYCATCHBLOCK @");
        appendDescriptor(FIELD_DESCRIPTOR, descriptor);
        stringBuilder.append('(');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());

        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(") : ");
        appendTypeReference(typeRef);
        stringBuilder.append(", ").append(typePath);
        stringBuilder.append(visible ? "\n" : INVISIBLE);
        return addNewTextifier(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void visitLocalVariable(
            final String name,
            final String descriptor,
            final String signature,
            final Label start,
            final Label end,
            final int index) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab2).append("LOCALVARIABLE ").append(name).append(' ');
        appendDescriptor(FIELD_DESCRIPTOR, descriptor);
        stringBuilder.append(' ');
        appendLabel(start);
        stringBuilder.append(' ');
        appendLabel(end);
        stringBuilder.append(' ').append(index).append('\n');

        if (signature != null) {
            stringBuilder.append(tab2);
            appendDescriptor(FIELD_SIGNATURE, signature);
            stringBuilder.append(tab2);
            appendJavaDeclaration(name, signature);
        }
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public Printer visitLocalVariableAnnotation(
            final int typeRef,
            final TypePath typePath,
            final Label[] start,
            final Label[] end,
            final int[] index,
            final String descriptor,
            final boolean visible) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab2).append("LOCALVARIABLE @");
        appendDescriptor(FIELD_DESCRIPTOR, descriptor);
        stringBuilder.append('(');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());

        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(") : ");
        appendTypeReference(typeRef);
        stringBuilder.append(", ").append(typePath);
        for (int i = 0; i < start.length; ++i) {
            stringBuilder.append(" [ ");
            appendLabel(start[i]);
            stringBuilder.append(" - ");
            appendLabel(end[i]);
            stringBuilder.append(" - ").append(index[i]).append(" ]");
        }
        stringBuilder.append(visible ? "\n" : INVISIBLE);
        return addNewTextifier(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void visitLineNumber(final int line, final Label start) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab2).append("LINENUMBER ").append(line).append(' ');
        appendLabel(start);
        stringBuilder.append('\n');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void visitMaxs(final int maxStack, final int maxLocals) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab2).append("MAXSTACK = ").append(maxStack).append('\n');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());

        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab2).append("MAXLOCALS = ").append(maxLocals).append('\n');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void visitMethodEnd() {
        // Nothing to do.
    }

    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Common methods
    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**
      * Prints a disassembled view of the given annotation.
      *
      * @param descriptor the class descriptor of the annotation class.
      * @param visible {@literal true} if the annotation is visible at runtime.
      * @return a visitor to visit the annotation values.
      */
    // DontCheck(OverloadMethodsDeclarationOrder): overloads are semantically different.
    public Textifier visitAnnotation(final String descriptor, final boolean visible) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab).append('@');
        appendDescriptor(FIELD_DESCRIPTOR, descriptor);
        stringBuilder.append('(');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
        return addNewTextifier(visible ? ")\n" : ") // invisible\n");
    }

    /**
      * Prints a disassembled view of the given type annotation.
      *
      * @param typeRef a reference to the annotated type. See {@link TypeReference}.
      * @param typePath the path to the annotated type argument, wildcard bound, array element type, or
      *     static inner type within 'typeRef'. May be {@literal null} if the annotation targets
      *     'typeRef' as a whole.
      * @param descriptor the class descriptor of the annotation class.
      * @param visible {@literal true} if the annotation is visible at runtime.
      * @return a visitor to visit the annotation values.
      */
    public Textifier visitTypeAnnotation(
            final int typeRef, final TypePath typePath, final String descriptor, final boolean visible) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab).append('@');
        appendDescriptor(FIELD_DESCRIPTOR, descriptor);
        stringBuilder.append('(');
        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());

        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(") : ");
        appendTypeReference(typeRef);
        stringBuilder.append(", ").append(typePath);
        stringBuilder.append(visible ? "\n" : INVISIBLE);
        return addNewTextifier(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    /**
      * Prints a disassembled view of the given attribute.
      *
      * @param attribute an attribute.
      */
    public void visitAttribute(final Attribute attribute) {
        stringBuilder.setLength(0);
        stringBuilder.append(tab).append("ATTRIBUTE ");
        appendDescriptor(-1, attribute.type);

        if (attribute instanceof TextifierSupport) {
            if (labelNames == null) {
                labelNames = new HashMap<>();
            }
            ((TextifierSupport) attribute).textify(stringBuilder, labelNames);
        } else {
            stringBuilder.append(" : unknown\n");
        }

        text.add(stringBuilder.toString());
    }

    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Utility methods
    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**
      * Appends a string representation of the given access flags to {@link #stringBuilder}.
      *
      * @param accessFlags some access flags.
      */
    private void appendAccess(final int accessFlags) {
        if ((accessFlags & Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC) != 0) {
            stringBuilder.append("public ");
        }
        if ((accessFlags & Opcodes.ACC_PRIVATE) != 0) {
            stringBuilder.append("private ");
        }
        if ((accessFlags & Opcodes.ACC_PROTECTED) != 0) {
            stringBuilder.append("protected ");
        }
        if ((accessFlags & Opcodes.ACC_FINAL) != 0) {
            stringBuilder.append("final ");
        }
        if ((accessFlags & Opcodes.ACC_STATIC) != 0) {
            stringBuilder.append("static ");
        }
        if ((accessFlags & Opcodes.ACC_SYNCHRONIZED) != 0) {
            stringBuilder.append("synchronized ");
        }
        if ((accessFlags & Opcodes.ACC_VOLATILE) != 0) {
            stringBuilder.append("volatile ");
        }
        if ((accessFlags & Opcodes.ACC_TRANSIENT) != 0) {
            stringBuilder.append("transient ");
        }
        if ((accessFlags & Opcodes.ACC_ABSTRACT) != 0) {
            stringBuilder.append("abstract ");
        }
        if ((accessFlags & Opcodes.ACC_STRICT) != 0) {
            stringBuilder.append("strictfp ");
        }
        if ((accessFlags & Opcodes.ACC_SYNTHETIC) != 0) {
            stringBuilder.append("synthetic ");
        }
        if ((accessFlags & Opcodes.ACC_MANDATED) != 0) {
            stringBuilder.append("mandated ");
        }
        if ((accessFlags & Opcodes.ACC_ENUM) != 0) {
            stringBuilder.append("enum ");
        }
    }

    /**
      * Appends the hexadecimal value of the given access flags to {@link #stringBuilder}.
      *
      * @param accessFlags some access flags.
      */
    private void appendRawAccess(final int accessFlags) {
        stringBuilder
                .append("// access flags 0x")
                .append(Integer.toHexString(accessFlags).toUpperCase())
                .append('\n');
    }

    /**
      * Appends an internal name, a type descriptor or a type signature to {@link #stringBuilder}.
      *
      * @param type the type of 'value'. Must be one of {@link #INTERNAL_NAME}, {@link
      *     #FIELD_DESCRIPTOR}, {@link #FIELD_SIGNATURE}, {@link #METHOD_DESCRIPTOR}, {@link
      *     #METHOD_SIGNATURE}, {@link #CLASS_SIGNATURE} or {@link #HANDLE_DESCRIPTOR}.
      * @param value an internal name (see {@link Type#getInternalName()}), type descriptor or a type
      *     signature. May be {@literal null}.
      */
    protected void appendDescriptor(final int type, final String value) {
        if (type == CLASS_SIGNATURE || type == FIELD_SIGNATURE || type == METHOD_SIGNATURE) {
            if (value != null) {
                stringBuilder.append("// signature ").append(value).append('\n');
            }
        } else {
            stringBuilder.append(value);
        }
    }

    /**
      * Appends the Java generic type declaration corresponding to the given signature.
      *
      * @param name a class, field or method name.
      * @param signature a class, field or method signature.
      */
    private void appendJavaDeclaration(final String name, final String signature) {
        TraceSignatureVisitor traceSignatureVisitor = new TraceSignatureVisitor(access);
        new SignatureReader(signature).accept(traceSignatureVisitor);
        stringBuilder.append("// declaration: ");
        if (traceSignatureVisitor.getReturnType() != null) {
            stringBuilder.append(traceSignatureVisitor.getReturnType());
            stringBuilder.append(' ');
        }
        stringBuilder.append(name);
        stringBuilder.append(traceSignatureVisitor.getDeclaration());
        if (traceSignatureVisitor.getExceptions() != null) {
            stringBuilder.append(" throws ").append(traceSignatureVisitor.getExceptions());
        }
        stringBuilder.append('\n');
    }

    /**
      * Appends the name of the given label to {@link #stringBuilder}. Constructs a new label name if
      * the given label does not yet have one.
      *
      * @param label a label.
      */
    protected void appendLabel(final Label label) {
        if (labelNames == null) {
            labelNames = new HashMap<>();
        }
        String name = labelNames.get(label);
        if (name == null) {
            name = "L" + labelNames.size();
            labelNames.put(label, name);
        }
        stringBuilder.append(name);
    }

    /**
      * Appends a string representation of the given handle to {@link #stringBuilder}.
      *
      * @param handle a handle.
      */
    protected void appendHandle(final Handle handle) {
        int tag = handle.getTag();
        stringBuilder.append("// handle kind 0x").append(Integer.toHexString(tag)).append(" : ");
        boolean isMethodHandle = false;
        switch (tag) {
            case Opcodes.H_GETFIELD:
                stringBuilder.append("GETFIELD");
                break;
            case Opcodes.H_GETSTATIC:
                stringBuilder.append("GETSTATIC");
                break;
            case Opcodes.H_PUTFIELD:
                stringBuilder.append("PUTFIELD");
                break;
            case Opcodes.H_PUTSTATIC:
                stringBuilder.append("PUTSTATIC");
                break;
            case Opcodes.H_INVOKEINTERFACE:
                stringBuilder.append("INVOKEINTERFACE");
                isMethodHandle = true;
                break;
            case Opcodes.H_INVOKESPECIAL:
                stringBuilder.append("INVOKESPECIAL");
                isMethodHandle = true;
                break;
            case Opcodes.H_INVOKESTATIC:
                stringBuilder.append("INVOKESTATIC");
                isMethodHandle = true;
                break;
            case Opcodes.H_INVOKEVIRTUAL:
                stringBuilder.append("INVOKEVIRTUAL");
                isMethodHandle = true;
                break;
            case Opcodes.H_NEWINVOKESPECIAL:
                stringBuilder.append("NEWINVOKESPECIAL");
                isMethodHandle = true;
                break;
            default:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }
        stringBuilder.append('\n');
        stringBuilder.append(tab3);
        appendDescriptor(INTERNAL_NAME, handle.getOwner());
        stringBuilder.append('.');
        stringBuilder.append(handle.getName());
        if (!isMethodHandle) {
            stringBuilder.append('(');
        }
        appendDescriptor(HANDLE_DESCRIPTOR, handle.getDesc());
        if (!isMethodHandle) {
            stringBuilder.append(')');
        }
        if (handle.isInterface()) {
            stringBuilder.append(" itf");
        }
    }

    /**
      * Appends a comma to {@link #stringBuilder} if the given number is strictly positive.
      *
      * @param numValues a number of 'values visited so far', for instance the number of annotation
      *     values visited so far in an annotation visitor.
      */
    private void maybeAppendComma(final int numValues) {
        if (numValues > 0) {
            stringBuilder.append(", ");
        }
    }

    /**
      * Appends a string representation of the given type reference to {@link #stringBuilder}.
      *
      * @param typeRef a type reference. See {@link TypeReference}.
      */
    private void appendTypeReference(final int typeRef) {
        TypeReference typeReference = new TypeReference(typeRef);
        switch (typeReference.getSort()) {
            case TypeReference.CLASS_TYPE_PARAMETER:
                stringBuilder.append("CLASS_TYPE_PARAMETER ").append(typeReference.getTypeParameterIndex());
                break;
            case TypeReference.METHOD_TYPE_PARAMETER:
                stringBuilder
                        .append("METHOD_TYPE_PARAMETER ")
                        .append(typeReference.getTypeParameterIndex());
                break;
            case TypeReference.CLASS_EXTENDS:
                stringBuilder.append("CLASS_EXTENDS ").append(typeReference.getSuperTypeIndex());
                break;
            case TypeReference.CLASS_TYPE_PARAMETER_BOUND:
                stringBuilder
                        .append("CLASS_TYPE_PARAMETER_BOUND ")
                        .append(typeReference.getTypeParameterIndex())
                        .append(", ")
                        .append(typeReference.getTypeParameterBoundIndex());
                break;
            case TypeReference.METHOD_TYPE_PARAMETER_BOUND:
                stringBuilder
                        .append("METHOD_TYPE_PARAMETER_BOUND ")
                        .append(typeReference.getTypeParameterIndex())
                        .append(", ")
                        .append(typeReference.getTypeParameterBoundIndex());
                break;
            case TypeReference.FIELD:
                stringBuilder.append("FIELD");
                break;
            case TypeReference.METHOD_RETURN:
                stringBuilder.append("METHOD_RETURN");
                break;
            case TypeReference.METHOD_RECEIVER:
                stringBuilder.append("METHOD_RECEIVER");
                break;
            case TypeReference.METHOD_FORMAL_PARAMETER:
                stringBuilder
                        .append("METHOD_FORMAL_PARAMETER ")
                        .append(typeReference.getFormalParameterIndex());
                break;
            case TypeReference.THROWS:
                stringBuilder.append("THROWS ").append(typeReference.getExceptionIndex());
                break;
            case TypeReference.LOCAL_VARIABLE:
                stringBuilder.append("LOCAL_VARIABLE");
                break;
            case TypeReference.RESOURCE_VARIABLE:
                stringBuilder.append("RESOURCE_VARIABLE");
                break;
            case TypeReference.EXCEPTION_PARAMETER:
                stringBuilder.append("EXCEPTION_PARAMETER ").append(typeReference.getTryCatchBlockIndex());
                break;
            case TypeReference.INSTANCEOF:
                stringBuilder.append("INSTANCEOF");
                break;
            case TypeReference.NEW:
                stringBuilder.append("NEW");
                break;
            case TypeReference.CONSTRUCTOR_REFERENCE:
                stringBuilder.append("CONSTRUCTOR_REFERENCE");
                break;
            case TypeReference.METHOD_REFERENCE:
                stringBuilder.append("METHOD_REFERENCE");
                break;
            case TypeReference.CAST:
                stringBuilder.append("CAST ").append(typeReference.getTypeArgumentIndex());
                break;
            case TypeReference.CONSTRUCTOR_INVOCATION_TYPE_ARGUMENT:
                stringBuilder
                        .append("CONSTRUCTOR_INVOCATION_TYPE_ARGUMENT ")
                        .append(typeReference.getTypeArgumentIndex());
                break;
            case TypeReference.METHOD_INVOCATION_TYPE_ARGUMENT:
                stringBuilder
                        .append("METHOD_INVOCATION_TYPE_ARGUMENT ")
                        .append(typeReference.getTypeArgumentIndex());
                break;
            case TypeReference.CONSTRUCTOR_REFERENCE_TYPE_ARGUMENT:
                stringBuilder
                        .append("CONSTRUCTOR_REFERENCE_TYPE_ARGUMENT ")
                        .append(typeReference.getTypeArgumentIndex());
                break;
            case TypeReference.METHOD_REFERENCE_TYPE_ARGUMENT:
                stringBuilder
                        .append("METHOD_REFERENCE_TYPE_ARGUMENT ")
                        .append(typeReference.getTypeArgumentIndex());
                break;
            default:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }
    }

    /**
      * Appends the given stack map frame types to {@link #stringBuilder}.
      *
      * @param numTypes the number of stack map frame types in 'frameTypes'.
      * @param frameTypes an array of stack map frame types, in the format described in {@link
      *     jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.MethodVisitor#visitFrame}.
      */
    private void appendFrameTypes(final int numTypes, final Object[] frameTypes) {
        for (int i = 0; i < numTypes; ++i) {
            if (i > 0) {
                stringBuilder.append(' ');
            }
            if (frameTypes[i] instanceof String) {
                String descriptor = (String) frameTypes[i];
                if (descriptor.charAt(0) == '[') {
                    appendDescriptor(FIELD_DESCRIPTOR, descriptor);
                } else {
                    appendDescriptor(INTERNAL_NAME, descriptor);
                }
            } else if (frameTypes[i] instanceof Integer) {
                stringBuilder.append(FRAME_TYPES.get(((Integer) frameTypes[i]).intValue()));
            } else {
                appendLabel((Label) frameTypes[i]);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
      * Creates and adds to {@link #text} a new {@link Textifier}, followed by the given string.
      *
      * @param endText the text to add to {@link #text} after the textifier. May be {@literal null}.
      * @return the newly created {@link Textifier}.
      */
    private Textifier addNewTextifier(final String endText) {
        Textifier textifier = createTextifier();
        text.add(textifier.getText());
        if (endText != null) {
            text.add(endText);
        }
        return textifier;
    }

    /**
      * Creates a new {@link Textifier}.
      *
      * @return a new {@link Textifier}.
      */
    protected Textifier createTextifier() {
        return new Textifier(api);
    }
}
