# This file is part of Scapy
# See http://www.secdev.org/projects/scapy for more information
# Copyright (C) Philippe Biondi <phil@secdev.org>
# This program is published under a GPLv2 license

"""
Packet sending and receiving libpcap/WinPcap.
"""

import os
import platform
import socket
import struct
import time

from scapy.automaton import select_objects
from scapy.compat import raw, plain_str
from scapy.config import conf
from scapy.consts import WINDOWS
from scapy.data import MTU, ETH_P_ALL
from scapy.error import (
    Scapy_Exception,
    log_loading,
    log_runtime,
    warning,
)
from scapy.interfaces import network_name, InterfaceProvider, NetworkInterface
from scapy.pton_ntop import inet_ntop
from scapy.supersocket import SuperSocket
from scapy.utils import str2mac

import scapy.consts

if not scapy.consts.WINDOWS:
    from fcntl import ioctl

# AF_LINK is only available and provided on BSD (MAC)
# but because we use its value elsewhere, let's patch it.
if not hasattr(socket, "AF_LINK"):
    socket.AF_LINK = 18

############
#  COMMON  #
############

# From BSD net/bpf.h
# BIOCIMMEDIATE = 0x80044270
BIOCIMMEDIATE = -2147204496

# https://github.com/the-tcpdump-group/libpcap/blob/master/pcap/pcap.h
PCAP_IF_UP = 0x00000002  # interface is up
_pcap_if_flags = [
    "LOOPBACK",
    "UP",
    "RUNNING",
    "WIRELESS",
    "OK",
    "DISCONNECTED",
    "NA"
]


class _L2libpcapSocket(SuperSocket):
    def __init__(self):
        self.cls = None

    def recv_raw(self, x=MTU):
        """Receives a packet, then returns a tuple containing (cls, pkt_data, time)"""  # noqa: E501
        if self.cls is None:
            ll = self.ins.datalink()
            if ll in conf.l2types:
                self.cls = conf.l2types[ll]
            else:
                self.cls = conf.default_l2
                warning(
                    "Unable to guess datalink type "
                    "(interface=%s linktype=%i). Using %s",
                    self.iface, ll, self.cls.name
                )

        ts, pkt = self.ins.next()
        if pkt is None:
            return None, None, None
        return self.cls, pkt, ts

    def nonblock_recv(self):
        """Receives and dissect a packet in non-blocking mode."""
        self.ins.setnonblock(1)
        p = self.recv(MTU)
        self.ins.setnonblock(0)
        return p

    @staticmethod
    def select(sockets, remain=None):
        return select_objects(sockets, remain)

##########
#  PCAP  #
##########


if conf.use_pcap:
    if WINDOWS:
        # Windows specific
        NPCAP_PATH = os.environ["WINDIR"] + "\\System32\\Npcap"
        from scapy.libs.winpcapy import pcap_setmintocopy, pcap_getevent
    else:
        from scapy.libs.winpcapy import pcap_get_selectable_fd
    from ctypes import POINTER, byref, create_string_buffer, c_ubyte, cast

    # Part of the Winpcapy integration was inspired by phaethon/scapy
    # but he destroyed the commit history, so there is no link to that
    try:
        from scapy.libs.winpcapy import (
            PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
            bpf_program,
            pcap_close,
            pcap_compile,
            pcap_datalink,
            pcap_findalldevs,
            pcap_freealldevs,
            pcap_if_t,
            pcap_lib_version,
            pcap_next_ex,
            pcap_open_live,
            pcap_pkthdr,
            pcap_sendpacket,
            pcap_setfilter,
            pcap_setnonblock,
            sockaddr_in,
            sockaddr_in6,
        )

        def load_winpcapy():
            """This functions calls libpcap ``pcap_findalldevs`` function,
            and extracts and parse all the data scapy will need
            to build the Interface List.

            The data will be stored in ``conf.cache_pcapiflist``
            """
            from scapy.fields import FlagValue

            err = create_string_buffer(PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE)
            devs = POINTER(pcap_if_t)()
            if_list = {}
            if pcap_findalldevs(byref(devs), err) < 0:
                return
            try:
                p = devs
                # Iterate through the different interfaces
                while p:
                    name = plain_str(p.contents.name)  # GUID
                    description = plain_str(
                        p.contents.description or ""
                    )  # DESC
                    flags = p.contents.flags  # FLAGS
                    ips = []
                    mac = ""
                    a = p.contents.addresses
                    while a:
                        # IPv4 address
                        family = a.contents.addr.contents.sa_family
                        ap = a.contents.addr
                        if family == socket.AF_INET:
                            val = cast(ap, POINTER(sockaddr_in))
                            val = val.contents.sin_addr[:]
                        elif family == socket.AF_INET6:
                            val = cast(ap, POINTER(sockaddr_in6))
                            val = val.contents.sin6_addr[:]
                        elif family == socket.AF_LINK:
                            # Special case: MAC
                            # (AF_LINK is mostly BSD specific)
                            val = ap.contents.sa_data
                            val = val[:6]
                            mac = str2mac(bytes(bytearray(val)))
                            a = a.contents.next
                            continue
                        else:
                            # Unknown AF
                            a = a.contents.next
                            continue
                        addr = inet_ntop(family, bytes(bytearray(val)))
                        if addr != "0.0.0.0":
                            ips.append(addr)
                        a = a.contents.next
                    flags = FlagValue(flags, _pcap_if_flags)
                    if_list[name] = (description, ips, flags, mac)
                    p = p.contents.next
                conf.cache_pcapiflist = if_list
            except Exception:
                raise
            finally:
                pcap_freealldevs(devs)
    except OSError:
        conf.use_pcap = False
        if WINDOWS:
            if conf.interactive:
                log_loading.critical(
                    "Npcap/Winpcap is not installed ! See "
                    "https://scapy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html#windows"  # noqa: E501
                )
        else:
            if conf.interactive:
                log_loading.critical(
                    "Libpcap is not installed!"
                )
    else:
        if WINDOWS:
            # Detect Pcap version: check for Npcap
            version = pcap_lib_version()
            if b"winpcap" in version.lower():
                if os.path.exists(NPCAP_PATH + "\\wpcap.dll"):
                    warning("Winpcap is installed over Npcap. "
                            "Will use Winpcap (see 'Winpcap/Npcap conflicts' "
                            "in Scapy's docs)")
                elif platform.release() != "XP":
                    warning("WinPcap is now deprecated (not maintained). "
                            "Please use Npcap instead")
            elif b"npcap" in version.lower():
                conf.use_npcap = True
                conf.loopback_name = conf.loopback_name = "Npcap Loopback Adapter"  # noqa: E501

if conf.use_pcap:
    class _PcapWrapper_libpcap:  # noqa: F811
        """Wrapper for the libpcap calls"""

        def __init__(self, device, snaplen, promisc, to_ms, monitor=None):
            device = network_name(device)
            self.errbuf = create_string_buffer(PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE)
            self.iface = create_string_buffer(device.encode("utf8"))
            self.dtl = None
            if monitor:
                if WINDOWS and not conf.use_npcap:
                    raise OSError("On Windows, this feature requires NPcap !")
                # Npcap-only functions
                from scapy.libs.winpcapy import pcap_create, \
                    pcap_set_snaplen, pcap_set_promisc, \
                    pcap_set_timeout, pcap_set_rfmon, pcap_activate
                self.pcap = pcap_create(self.iface, self.errbuf)
                pcap_set_snaplen(self.pcap, snaplen)
                pcap_set_promisc(self.pcap, promisc)
                pcap_set_timeout(self.pcap, to_ms)
                if pcap_set_rfmon(self.pcap, 1) != 0:
                    log_runtime.error("Could not set monitor mode")
                if pcap_activate(self.pcap) != 0:
                    raise OSError("Could not activate the pcap handler")
            else:
                self.pcap = pcap_open_live(self.iface,
                                           snaplen, promisc, to_ms,
                                           self.errbuf)
                error = bytes(bytearray(self.errbuf)).strip(b"\x00")
                if error:
                    raise OSError(error)

            if WINDOWS:
                # Winpcap/Npcap exclusive: make every packet to be instantly
                # returned, and not buffered within Winpcap/Npcap
                pcap_setmintocopy(self.pcap, 0)

            self.header = POINTER(pcap_pkthdr)()
            self.pkt_data = POINTER(c_ubyte)()
            self.bpf_program = bpf_program()

        def next(self):
            """
            Returns the next packet as the tuple
            (timestamp, raw_packet)
            """
            c = pcap_next_ex(
                self.pcap,
                byref(self.header),
                byref(self.pkt_data)
            )
            if not c > 0:
                return None, None
            ts = self.header.contents.ts.tv_sec + float(self.header.contents.ts.tv_usec) / 1e6  # noqa: E501
            pkt = bytes(bytearray(self.pkt_data[:self.header.contents.len]))
            return ts, pkt
        __next__ = next

        def datalink(self):
            """Wrapper around pcap_datalink"""
            if self.dtl is None:
                self.dtl = pcap_datalink(self.pcap)
            return self.dtl

        def fileno(self):
            if WINDOWS:
                return pcap_getevent(self.pcap)
            else:
                # This does not exist under Windows
                return pcap_get_selectable_fd(self.pcap)

        def setfilter(self, f):
            filter_exp = create_string_buffer(f.encode("utf8"))
            if pcap_compile(self.pcap, byref(self.bpf_program), filter_exp, 1, -1) == -1:  # noqa: E501
                log_runtime.error("Could not compile filter expression %s", f)
                return False
            else:
                if pcap_setfilter(self.pcap, byref(self.bpf_program)) == -1:
                    log_runtime.error("Could not set filter %s", f)
                    return False
            return True

        def setnonblock(self, i):
            pcap_setnonblock(self.pcap, i, self.errbuf)

        def send(self, x):
            pcap_sendpacket(self.pcap, x, len(x))

        def close(self):
            pcap_close(self.pcap)
    open_pcap = _PcapWrapper_libpcap

    class LibpcapProvider(InterfaceProvider):
        """
        Load interfaces from Libpcap on non-Windows machines
        """
        name = "libpcap"
        libpcap = True

        def load(self):
            if not conf.use_pcap or WINDOWS:
                return {}
            if not conf.cache_pcapiflist:
                load_winpcapy()
            data = {}
            i = 0
            for ifname, dat in conf.cache_pcapiflist.items():
                description, ips, flags, mac = dat
                i += 1
                if not mac:
                    from scapy.arch import get_if_hwaddr
                    try:
                        mac = get_if_hwaddr(ifname)
                    except Exception:
                        # There are at least 3 different possible exceptions
                        continue
                if_data = {
                    'name': ifname,
                    'description': description or ifname,
                    'network_name': ifname,
                    'index': i,
                    'mac': mac or '00:00:00:00:00:00',
                    'ips': ips,
                    'flags': flags
                }
                data[ifname] = NetworkInterface(self, if_data)
            return data

        def reload(self):
            if conf.use_pcap:
                from scapy.arch.libpcap import load_winpcapy
                load_winpcapy()
            return self.load()

    if not WINDOWS:
        conf.ifaces.register_provider(LibpcapProvider)

    # pcap sockets

    class L2pcapListenSocket(_L2libpcapSocket):
        desc = "read packets at layer 2 using libpcap"

        def __init__(self, iface=None, type=ETH_P_ALL, promisc=None, filter=None, monitor=None):  # noqa: E501
            super(L2pcapListenSocket, self).__init__()
            self.type = type
            self.outs = None
            self.iface = iface
            if iface is None:
                iface = conf.iface
            if promisc is None:
                promisc = conf.sniff_promisc
            self.promisc = promisc
            self.ins = open_pcap(iface, MTU, self.promisc, 100,
                                 monitor=monitor)
            try:
                ioctl(self.ins.fileno(), BIOCIMMEDIATE, struct.pack("I", 1))
            except Exception:
                pass
            if type == ETH_P_ALL:  # Do not apply any filter if Ethernet type is given  # noqa: E501
                if conf.except_filter:
                    if filter:
                        filter = "(%s) and not (%s)" % (filter, conf.except_filter)  # noqa: E501
                    else:
                        filter = "not (%s)" % conf.except_filter
                if filter:
                    self.ins.setfilter(filter)

        def send(self, x):
            raise Scapy_Exception("Can't send anything with L2pcapListenSocket")  # noqa: E501

    class L2pcapSocket(_L2libpcapSocket):
        desc = "read/write packets at layer 2 using only libpcap"

        def __init__(self, iface=None, type=ETH_P_ALL, promisc=None, filter=None, nofilter=0,  # noqa: E501
                     monitor=None):
            super(L2pcapSocket, self).__init__()
            if iface is None:
                iface = conf.iface
            self.iface = iface
            if promisc is None:
                promisc = 0
            self.promisc = promisc
            self.ins = open_pcap(iface, MTU, self.promisc, 100,
                                 monitor=monitor)
            self.outs = self.ins
            try:
                ioctl(self.ins.fileno(), BIOCIMMEDIATE, struct.pack("I", 1))
            except Exception:
                pass
            if nofilter:
                if type != ETH_P_ALL:  # PF_PACKET stuff. Need to emulate this for pcap  # noqa: E501
                    filter = "ether proto %i" % type
                else:
                    filter = None
            else:
                if conf.except_filter:
                    if filter:
                        filter = "(%s) and not (%s)" % (filter, conf.except_filter)  # noqa: E501
                    else:
                        filter = "not (%s)" % conf.except_filter
                if type != ETH_P_ALL:  # PF_PACKET stuff. Need to emulate this for pcap  # noqa: E501
                    if filter:
                        filter = "(ether proto %i) and (%s)" % (type, filter)
                    else:
                        filter = "ether proto %i" % type
            if filter:
                self.ins.setfilter(filter)

        def send(self, x):
            sx = raw(x)
            try:
                x.sent_time = time.time()
            except AttributeError:
                pass
            self.outs.send(sx)

    class L3pcapSocket(L2pcapSocket):
        desc = "read/write packets at layer 3 using only libpcap"

        def recv(self, x=MTU):
            r = L2pcapSocket.recv(self, x)
            if r:
                r.payload.time = r.time
                return r.payload
            return r

        def send(self, x):
            # Makes send detects when it should add Loopback(), Dot11... instead of Ether()  # noqa: E501
            ll = self.ins.datalink()
            if ll in conf.l2types:
                cls = conf.l2types[ll]
            else:
                cls = conf.default_l2
                warning("Unable to guess datalink type (interface=%s linktype=%i). Using %s", self.iface, ll, cls.name)  # noqa: E501
            sx = raw(cls() / x)
            try:
                x.sent_time = time.time()
            except AttributeError:
                pass
            self.outs.send(sx)
else:
    # No libpcap installed
    if WINDOWS:
        NPCAP_PATH = ""
